{"id":7052,"date":"2016-09-12T21:02:34","date_gmt":"2016-09-13T02:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/?p=7052"},"modified":"2020-08-01T12:48:18","modified_gmt":"2020-08-01T17:48:18","slug":"los-elegidos-del-exilio-cardenista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/archivos\/los-elegidos-del-exilio-cardenista\/","title":{"rendered":"Los elegidos del exilio cardenista"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mart\u00edn Manzanarez<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>Instituto Mora<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #800000;\">En revista BiCentenario. El ayer y hoy de M\u00e9xico, n\u00fam. 31<\/span><\/h4>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #32a7ad;\">La solidaria pol\u00edtica mexicana de recibir a miles de desterrados extranjeros tuvo en su gran impulsor, el gobierno de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, acciones y actitudes selectivas vinculadas a cercan\u00edas pol\u00edticas con los exiliados, motivaciones raciales y otras claramente discrecionales.<\/span><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7053\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7053\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7053 \" alt=\"Los ni\u00f1os y el Presidente, 1937. AGN, Archivo fotogr\u00e1fico Enrique D\u00edaz Delgado y Garc\u00eda, caja 61-12, archiveros 15, gaveta 6.\" src=\"http:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/C\u00e1rdenas-con-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-1.jpg\" width=\"960\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/C\u00e1rdenas-con-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/C\u00e1rdenas-con-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-1-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/C\u00e1rdenas-con-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-1-624x490.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7053\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los ni\u00f1os y el Presidente, 1937. AGN, Archivo fotogr\u00e1fico Enrique D\u00edaz Delgado y Garc\u00eda, caja 61-12, archiveros 15, gaveta 6.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>A<\/strong> lo largo del siglo XX, nuestro pa\u00eds dio refugio a los perseguidos pol\u00edticos de distintas latitudes del mundo. La presencia m\u00e1s numerosa de exiliados, en el transcurso de la primera mitad de la centuria, fue la de cerca de 20 000 refugiados espa\u00f1oles que debido a la guerra civil (1936-1940) se instalaron en el pa\u00eds. Durante los gobiernos de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas y su sucesor Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho se brind\u00f3 asilo a otros actores pol\u00edticos desterrados, entre ellos Le\u00f3n Trotsky, organizador clave de la revoluci\u00f3n rusa, y desde la muerte de Lenin, l\u00edder de la oposic\u00f3n de izquierda y rival pol\u00edtico e ideol\u00f3gico de Jos\u00e9 Stalin. Asimismo, aquellos que hu\u00edan por el ascenso del fascismo en Europa, entre ellos alemanes y austriacos. El asilo ofrecido a estos actores sociales configur\u00f3 una imagen de M\u00e9xico frente a la comunidad internacional de apertura, fronteras abiertas y calidez. Sin embargo, esa imagen es cuestionable en tanto la pol\u00edtica de asilo mexicana present\u00f3 una especial predisposici\u00f3n por ciertos migrantes. El prop\u00f3sito de las siguientes p\u00e1ginas es demostrar cu\u00e1les fueron los elementos que dotaron de un car\u00e1cter selectivo y discrecional al derecho de asilo en nuestro pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><span style=\"color: #32a7ad;\">El Cardenismo<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-7054\" alt=\"Llegada a M\u00e9xico de los ni\u00f1os espa\u00f1oles\" src=\"http:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Llegada-a-M\u00e9xico-de-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-200x300.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Llegada-a-M\u00e9xico-de-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Llegada-a-M\u00e9xico-de-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Llegada-a-M\u00e9xico-de-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles-624x936.jpg 624w, https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Llegada-a-M\u00e9xico-de-los-ni\u00f1os-espa\u00f1oles.jpg 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>El gobierno de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas (1934-1940) ha sido calificado de populista por sus pol\u00edticas sociales y econ\u00f3micas, entre las que destacan la repartici\u00f3n agraria de 20 000 000 de hect\u00e1reas que afectaron la propiedad de los grandes terratenientes -la cifra m\u00e1s alta de los reg\u00edmenes posrevolucionarios-; el impulso a la educaci\u00f3n b\u00e1sica enmarcado en el proyecto de la <em>educaci\u00f3n socialista<\/em>; la promoci\u00f3n de programas de salud destinados a las poblaciones m\u00e1s desprotegidas del pa\u00eds; la nacionalizaci\u00f3n de la industria petrolera y ferroviaria; la inversi\u00f3n en infraestructura urbana y rural; y la reforma, o en su defecto, conformaci\u00f3n de sindicatos y confederaciones de trabajadores obreros y campesinos.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Adem\u00e1s, el gobierno de C\u00e1rdenas es reconocido por la acci\u00f3n diplom\u00e1tica, en el contexto previo y durante a la segunda guerra mundial. Los diplom\u00e1ticos mexicanos denunciaron acontecimientos como la invasi\u00f3n de Etiopia por parte de las tropas de Mussolini en 1934, la intrusi\u00f3n de Jap\u00f3n en el territorio chino, el triunfo de Francisco Franco en Espa\u00f1a y la ocupaci\u00f3n nazi en Europa central. En este contexto se ha destacado la intensa actividad de Gilberto Bosques, embajador en Francia, quien brind\u00f3 asilo a los perseguidos por el nazismo y el fascismo. Estos son algunos ejemplos notables de la participaci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica de las autoridades mexicanas en el plano internacional durante el gobierno cardenista.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En medio de ese contexto de violencia y persecuci\u00f3n en Europa central, se dio la expulsi\u00f3n de amplios sectores de la poblaci\u00f3n. De Espa\u00f1a, miles de hombres, mujeres y ni\u00f1os arribaron a nuestro pa\u00eds con ayuda de las autoridades mexicanas, encabezadas por el poder ejecutivo.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">[&#8230;]<br \/>\nPara leer el art\u00edculo completo, consulte la revista <em>BiCentenario<\/em>.<\/h2>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\">\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[\n\/\/ < ![CDATA[ var 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El ayer y hoy de M\u00e9xico, n\u00fam. 31 La solidaria pol\u00edtica mexicana de recibir a miles de desterrados extranjeros tuvo en su gran impulsor, el gobierno de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, acciones y actitudes selectivas vinculadas a cercan\u00edas pol\u00edticas con los exiliados, motivaciones raciales y otras claramente discrecionales. A lo largo del siglo XX, nuestro pa\u00eds dio refugio a los perseguidos pol\u00edticos de distintas latitudes del mundo. La presencia m\u00e1s numerosa de exiliados, en el transcurso de la primera mitad de la centuria, fue la de cerca de 20 000 refugiados espa\u00f1oles que debido a la guerra civil (1936-1940) se instalaron en el pa\u00eds. Durante los gobiernos de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas y su sucesor Manuel \u00c1vila Camacho se brind\u00f3 asilo a otros actores pol\u00edticos desterrados, entre ellos Le\u00f3n Trotsky, organizador clave de la revoluci\u00f3n rusa, y desde la muerte de Lenin, l\u00edder de la oposic\u00f3n de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,1382],"tags":[692,2342],"class_list":{"0":"post-7052","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-articulos","7":"category-bicentenario-31","8":"tag-cardenismo","9":"tag-lazaro-cardenas"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7052","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7052"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7052\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14517,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7052\/revisions\/14517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7052"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7052"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistabicentenario.com.mx\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7052"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}